Energy, Material Sciences and Technology

What are Heat or Thermal Transfer science and energy science?

Heat transfer or/and thermal transfer and thermal Science&Technology, and energy science, is respectively:

fields of sciences and technology which studies mainly the temperatures, flux of heat, and other physical and chemical measurement in relation of the heat;

fields of sciences and technology which carry the source(s) of energy, the manners how to obtain energy, the effects of the chosen energy, and other fieldsin relation to energy.

The following figure shows us the energy from solar energy and thermal or heat transfer inside and outside the house. The nuclear energy from the sun goes through  millions kilometers under ultraviolet form and brings a flux of energy: that is a kind of thermal radiation, and which also brings a light in current word, and a luminosity in scientific word.  As it is said, the representation of radiation is quite like lightning or quite like electrical discharge.  The round points 4, 5, 6 in the following photos are places inwhich we take temperature measurements.

Thermal convection is the exchange of temperature between fluid(s) and solid(s). Here in this example, the points 7 and 8 are points of  displacement of the fluid(s), here might be wind, until the fluid(s) meet a solid. The representation of convection is a bent narrow in a form of half circle, here in the figure in blue colour.

Thermal conduction is the conduction of the heat in matter(s) like solid physical state for example. The round point one mentions the external temperature at this location as the round point 3 mentions too the temperature at its place.  is the variable temperature inside the wall.  is always decreasing but could change the sens of temperature energy giving according to  and  physical and chemical conditions.  Only matters which could give self–energy could increase conduction and temperature energy giving. 

b../ Relation between Temperature and time

The temperature of  a matter or a material decreases with time  if there is no source of energy which increases the temperature.

We could also say that the reason why the temperature from sun energy is changing from midnight to noon is because of:

first, the distance between a considered place in the earth and the sun facing the earth varies; in addition, the earth rotates itself and also the earth turns around the sun in the solar system. When the sun is raising in the morning, it means that the considered place at this moment of the sunraise in the earth is facing the sun, and the ultra-violetis coming to this place; this considered place at the sunraise, when the sun is raising, is the longestdistance of daylight between the earth and the facing sun. In fact, there is an union of points which makes a circle (facing the sun) in the earth which has the quite same distance; this circle’s place receives all together the ultra-violet from the sun;the one side of the circle ( half circle) receives the sunraise, and the other side of the circle (the rest of the half circle) receives the sunset.

second, at noon, the nearest distance between the circumference of the earth and the circumference of the sun, located at a plan (2 dimensions) passing at the center of the sun and thecenter of the earth,is the lowest distance between the earth and the sun. Due to time zone consideration, noon is for an union of places in the earth which makes a half circle in the earth planet. Temperatures in each place of this half circle places are different.

It is also good to know that the relief of the earth planet gives to the earth different temperatures because of the ultra-violet in radiation and the convection of fluids (here the air with or without water vapor with or without the rain with or without the snow with or without the hail) in the atmosphere. In the simpliest consideration, thermal conduction in the atmosphere exists when there is a matter or material which has a dimension superior than a dimension of an atom.